Thunderbolt 5 and USB4 v2 both top out at 80Gbps. What separates them is not the number but the obligation — asymmetric 120Gbps, 64Gbps PCIe and 140W charging are certification requirements on one side and vendor options on the other.
Wi-Fi 7 beats 6E for exactly two reasons: channel width doubles to 320MHz and each subcarrier carries 12 bits instead of 10. Multiply and you get 2.4x. But 4K QAM needs roughly 42dB SNR, so it only switches on close to the router.
Divide mAh by 1,000 and multiply by voltage to get watt-hours. Laptops quote Wh instead of mAh because cells wired in series give every model a different voltage — and 100Wh and 160Wh are the lines that decide how many batteries you can carry onto a plane.
A 1ms response time means different things depending on whether it was measured as GtG or MPRT. A 240Hz panel holds each frame for 4.17ms — getting to 1ms requires backlight strobing.
“DCI-P3 99%” and “sRGB 130%” measure different things. Coverage caps at 100%; area and volume can exceed it. Converted against CIE 1931 areas — sRGB 35.0%, DCI-P3 53.6% — here is how to read either number.
Burning a 1TB SSD's 600TBW inside five years takes 329GB of writes a day. At 20GB a day it takes 82 years. Converted to DWPD, every capacity lands on the same 0.33.
Copilot+ PC requires an NPU of 40 TOPS, 16GB of RAM and 256GB of storage. The New Galaxy Book6 launched on 1 September lists up to 15 TOPS on published specs, against 49 TOPS on the standard model of the same series.
Thunderbolt 5 guarantees an 80Gbps link and 64Gbps of PCIe through certification; USB4 only has to clear 20Gbps to meet spec. The headline 120Gbps is four lanes redistributed 3:1, not a faster pipe.
CL counts clock cycles, not time. One division — (CL x 2000) / data rate — separates DDR5-4800 CL40 at 16.7 ns from DDR5-8000 CL38 at 9.5 ns, and explains why bigger numbers can be slower.
The X prefix on a Core Ultra laptop chip refers to graphics, not cores. Every Core Ultra Series 3 part shares the same 25W base TDP — and the number that actually decides sustained performance appears nowhere in the name.